Sunburn on the eyes, also known as photokeratitis, is a painful eye condition caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. This condition is akin to a sunburn on the skin but affects the cornea, the clear, protective outer layer of the eye. Photokeratitis can also result from exposure to artificial UV sources such as welding torches or tanning beds. Symptoms typically manifest a few hours after exposure and can include redness, pain, a gritty sensation in the eyes, tearing, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.
The cornea absorbs UV radiation, and excessive exposure can damage its cells, leading to inflammation and discomfort. In severe cases, photokeratitis can cause temporary vision loss, though it typically resolves within 24 to 48 hours without long-term damage. However, repeated episodes of photokeratitis or chronic exposure to UV rays can increase the risk of more serious eye conditions, such as cataracts and macular degeneration.
Preventing photokeratitis involves taking protective measures when spending time in environments with high UV exposure. Wearing sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays, using wide-brimmed hats, and seeking shade are effective strategies. For individuals working with artificial UV sources, appropriate protective eyewear is essential. Awareness and proactive protection can help maintain eye health and prevent the painful and potentially damaging effects of photokeratitis
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